Conclusion: A Global Citizen Movement for Social Justice

The Global Justice Platform should be viewed as a small contribution to a broader collective movement that is already well advanced at the world scale, particularly in the Global South, and to a lesser extent in the North.
 
In particular, we stress that several of the basic features of the Global Justice Platform – e.g. the creation of a global wealth tax and the issuance of an international currency to help finance development and climate investment – are shared with other recent policy proposals. For instance, the GJP is very close in spirit to the “Bridgetown Initiative on the International Development and Climate Finance Architecture”, launched in 2022 by a coalition of governments from the Global South (under the auspices of the Prime Minister of Barbados). The Bridgetown Initiative stresses the complementary role of global wealth taxation and international monetary reform, as we do. The main novelty is that we attempt to embed these proposals into a full-fledged quantitative and institutional analysis, including the modelling of global socioeconomic convergence, temperature change, and distributional trajectories. Our broad conclusion is that it is possible to conceive of a quantitatively consistent plan for sustainable development on the world scale on the basis of the premises of the Bridgetown Initiative. Our work is also consistent with the recent Sevilla Commitment on development finance, the UN Tax Convention process, and G20 initiatives led by Brazil and South Africa on global inequality and the rebalancing of wealth and power within planetary limits. [1]See also the plan on global poverty and sustainability coordinated by the UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights (De Schutter, 2026), the reports by the Tax Justice Network (Mager, 2025), the work of the International Panel on Social Progress (IPSP), and the climate & redistribution plans coordinated by the GRD network (Global Redistribution Advocates) (Fabre, 2024, 2026; Fabre et al, 2026), which share some of the GJP features (including global progressive taxation and country transfers). Our main novelty is to embed global taxes and transfers and institutional changes into the framework of global convergence between countries, climate projections and full-fledged distributional and multisectoral analysis. We view these various contributions to the public discussion as highly complementary to one another, and we very much hope that they will contribute to feed the global debate on these crucial issues in the future.
 
The Global Justice Platform is also closely connected to the growing debate on colonial and climate reparations, and in particular to the discussion on how to define equity between countries in a context characterized by large disparities in historical responsibilities. While the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change does recognize the principle of “Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities” (UNFCCC, article 3.1), the question of how to formalize and translate this principle into quantitative policies remains largely unresolved and inherently conflictual. A number of actors from the Global South – including the Climate Equity Monitor (CEM) initiative – have stressed the need to take historical GHG emissions into account to operationalize the concept of climate equity. [2]See climateequitymonitor.in and Kanitkar et al (2019, 2024), as well as the work by the Climate Action Network (CAN) and the Global Campaign to Demand Climate Justice (DCJ). See also the Global Solidarities Task Force (GSTF) initiative set up by Barbados, Kenya and France to explore options for international taxes financing climate reparations in the Global South. We have followed this approach in order to assess the extent to which the Global Justice Platform meets this objective. Our conclusion is that the GJP should be scaled up and/or supplemented by other transfers and policies so as to be able to fully compensate for historical damages. Our approach to climate and colonial damages is also consistent with the recent work by the American Society for International Law (ASIL), the Center for Reparations Research (CRR, University of West Indies), the Reparations Commission of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the African Union. [3]See Bazelon et al (2023) and Robinson (2023). Finally, our proposals on the transformation of the international economic and financial system, including the creation of an international clearing union and the democratization of the governance and voting rules, are closely related to recent proposals made by a number of collective organizations around the world (including Progressive International). [4]See the “Program of Action on the Construction of a New International Economic Order”, 2024. See also the work by Democracy International, the South Centre and the World Federalist Movement.
 
Given the magnitude of the transformations described by the GJP (or by a similar platform or set of platforms with similar goals), it is clear that nothing can be achieved without a powerful citizen movement and a dense network of broad-based organizations (including labour unions, political parties, civic platforms and other collective initiatives) which are sufficiently well organized and effective at promoting broad institutional and policy changes. While political and electoral processes are obviously very important, the success of this movement will ultimately depend on a broader cultural and intellectual battle about the meaning of sufficiency, equality and prosperity, both in the South and in the North.

Within this broader sociopolitical process, a better articulation between citizen knowledge and social science research should also play a critical role in the future. Economic and budgetary platforms cannot be left to discussion by small groups of experts and decision makers. They belong to all citizens and should be at the centre of democratic deliberation and confrontation. In this report, we have tried to show that it is possible and necessary to articulate material accounting (using the language of work hours, sectoral shares, education and health, input-output matrices, energy systems, GHG emissions, land use, forest cover, temperature rise, etc.) and monetary accounting (using the language of income and wealth scales between and within countries). We stress that our material accounting framework remains highly incomplete. In particular, there are other planetary boundaries beyond climate change (biodiversity loss, freshwater depletion, ocean acidification, mining extractivism, etc.), which are sometime more difficult to quantify, but which cannot be studied through decarbonization alone. These other boundaries should be explicitly included in our material accounting system in the future, together with monetary accounting.
 
Another equally important and arguably even more challenging objective is to link the language of macroeconomic accounting at the world and national level (both material and monetary) with the local experience and knowledge which citizens and workers from all countries and conditions accumulate regarding production techniques, labour and property relations, community involvement and environmental preservation. If both levels of knowledge are not reconciled and articulated together in order to feed collective mobilization, there is little chance that ambitious transformations will ever happen. In particular, we stress that our work relies on a relatively crude description of the production techniques and the possible changes in the technology and input-output matrices (which for the most past we project for the future on the basis of past trends).[5]  This severely limits our ability to properly analyse and discuss some of the most promising avenues for material footprint compression, including the adoption of production techniques using fewer material inputs but more human labour. This may apply to a number of old or new techniques in material sectors like agriculture, construction and manufacturing, as well as to supposedly immaterial sectors like education, culture and health, which could also use very different techniques and input structure in the future in order to truly reduce material footprint. We hope that the present work and future initiatives organized in the context of the Global Justice Project and other collective endeavors will contribute to this complex and crucial process.

Abdelal, R. (2007). Capital Rules: The Construction of Global Finance. Harvard University Press.

Alvaredo, F., Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E & Zucman, G. (2018). World Inequality Report 2018. World Inequality Lab.

Amin, Samir (1973). Le développement inégal. Minuit Paris.

Andreescu, M., Arias-Osorio, et al. (2025). Equality and development: A comparative and historical perspective, 1800–2025. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2025/25.

Andreescu, M., Loubes, R., Piketty, T., & Robilliard, A.-S. (2025). Global labour hours in paid and unpaid work: Productivity and structural transformation, 1800–2100. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2025/08.

Arruza, C., Bhattacharya, T., & Fraser, N. (2019). Feminism for the 99%: A Manifesto. Verso.

Aura, S. (2005). Does the balance of power within a family matter? The case of the Retirement Equity Act. Journal of Public Economics, 89, 1699–1717.

Balboni, C., Bandiera, O., Burgess, R., Ghatak, M., & Heil, A. (2022). Why do people stay poor? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 137(2), 785–844.

Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., & Sharma, G. (2021). Long-term effects of the Targeting the Ultra Poor program. American Economic Review: Insights, 3(4), 471–486.

Banerjee, A., Gertler, P., & Ghatak, M. (2002). Empowerment and efficiency: Tenancy reform in West Bengal. Journal of Political Economy, 110(2), 239–280.

Banerjee, A., & Iyer, L. (2005). History, institutions, and economic performance: The legacy of colonial land tenure systems in India. American Economic Review, 95(4), 1190–1213.

Bauluz, L., Brassac, P., Dietrich, J., Martínez-Toledano, C., Nievas, G., Odersky, M., Piketty, T., Sodano, A., & Somanchi, A. (2025). Global wealth accumulation and ownership patterns, 1800–2025. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2025/22.

Bazelon, C., Vargas, A., Janakiraman, R., & Olson, M. (2023). Quantification of reparations for transatlantic chattel slavery. In Report on Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in the Americas and the Caribbean. University of West Indies (Center for Reparations Research) and American Society for International Law.

Beckert, S. (2014). Empire of Cotton: A Global History. Alfred A. Knopf.

Bengtsson, E. (2018). The Swedish Sonderweg in question: Democratization and inequality in comparative perspective, c. 1750–1920. Past and Present.

Bharti, N. K., & Yang, L. (2024). The making of India and China in the 21st century: Long-run human capital accumulation from 1900 to 2020. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2024/24.

Bharti, N., Gethin, A., Jenmana, T. M., Mo, Z., Piketty, T., & Yang, L. (2026). Human capital, unequal opportunities and productivity convergence: A global historical perspective, 1800–2100. Journal of Public Economics, 255, 105578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105578

Blanchet, T., Chancel, L., & Gethin, A. (2022). Why is Europe more equal than the United States? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 14(4), 480–518.

Bothe, P., Chancel, L., Dietrich, J., Druschke, P., Mohren, C., Nievas, G., Odersky, M., Piketty, T., & Somanchi, A. (2026). The Global Justice Platform: Distributional pathways, the Global Justice Fund and the new democratic international order, 2026–2100. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2026/11.

Bothe, P., Chancel, L., Gethin, A., & Mohren, C. (2025). Global income inequality by 2050: Convergence, redistribution, and climate change. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2025/09.

Bourguignon, F. and Morrisson, C. (2002) Inequality Among World Citizens: 1820-1992, American Economic Review

Bozio, A., Garbinti, B., Goupille-Lebret, J., Guillot, M., & Piketty, T. (2024). Predistribution vs redistribution: Evidence from France and the US. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 16(2), 31–65.

Brandt Commission. (1980). North–South: A Programme for Survival. Report of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues. MIT Press.

Brassac, P. (2026). Taxing wealth & enrichment: Lessons from the 1945 French National Solidarity Levy (ISN). World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2026.

Bridgetown Initiative (2024). Bridgetown Initiative on the International Development and Climate Finance Architecture, version 3.0.

Buchner, B., Naran, B., Padmanabhi, R., Stout, S., Strinati, C., Wignarajah, D., Miao, G., Connolly, J., & Marin, N. (2023). Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023. Climate Policy Initiative.

Cagé, J. (2020). The Price of Democracy: How Money Shapes Politics and What to Do About It. Harvard University Press.

Cagé, J. (2024). Political inequality. Annual Review of Economics (World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2023/22).

Cagé, J., & Piketty, T. (2025). A History of Political Conflict: Elections and Social Inequalities in France, 1789–2022. Harvard University Press.

Callahan, C. W., & Mankin, J. S. (2022). National attribution of historical climate damages. Climatic Change.

Cappelen, A., Støstad, M., & Tungodden, B. (2025). Majority in 40 Countries Support Unprecedented Coordinated Billionaire Tax Discussed by G20. NHH.

Chancel, L. (2025). Énergie et inégalités: Une histoire politique. Éditions du Seuil.

Chancel, L., & Mohren, C. (2025). Climate Inequality Report 2025: Climate Change as a Capital Challenge. Why Climate Policy Must Tackle Ownership. World Inequality Lab.

Chancel, L., & Piketty, T. (2021). Global income inequality, 1820–2020: The persistence and mutation of extreme inequality. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(6), 3025–3062.

Chancel, L., Gomez-Carrera, R., Moshrif, R., & Piketty, T. (2026). World Inequality Report 2026. World Inequality Lab.

Chancel, L., Mohren, C., Odersky, M., Piketty, T., & Somanchi, A. (2026). Prosperity within limits? Planetary habitability, global convergence and structural transformation, 2026–2100. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2026/03.

Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E., & Zucman, G. (2022). World Inequality Report 2022. World Inequality Lab.

Climate Policy Initiative. (2025). Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2025.

Davidson, P. (2002). Financial Markets, Money and the Real World. Edward Elgar.

Davidson, P. (2004). A Post Keynesian view of the Washington consensus and how to improve it. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 27(2), 208–230.

De Schutter, O., The Roadmap for Eradicating Global Poverty Beyond Growth, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights, United Nations General Assembly, 2026

Dixson-Declève, S., Gaffney, O., Ghosh, J., Randers, J., Rockström, J., and Stoknes, P.E., Earth for All: A Survival Guide for Humanity, New Society Publishers, 2022.

Dooley, K., Christoff, P., & Nicholas, K. A. (2021). Co-producing climate policy and negative emissions: Trade-offs for sustainable land-use. Global Sustainability, 4, e3.

Dorninger, C., Hornborg, A., Abson, D. J., von Wehrden, H., Schaffartzik, A., Giljum, S., Engler, J.-O., Feller, R. L., Hubacek, K., & Wieland, H. (2021). Global patterns of ecologically unequal exchange: Implications for sustainability in the 21st century. Ecological Economics, 179, 106824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106824

Druschke, P., & Nievas, G. (2026). The global democratic deficit: Institutional asymmetries and the provision of global public goods. World Inequality Lab Working Paper.

Eichengreen, B. (1990). The capital levy in theory and practice. In R. Dornbusch & M. Draghi (Eds.), Public Debt Management: Theory and History (pp. 191–220). Cambridge University Press.

EEB. (2024). Manifesto: A Resilient and Resource-wise Europe: Sufficiency at the Heart of the EU's Future. European Environmental Bureau (EEB).

Ewing, K., Hendy, G., & Jones, C. (2018). Rolling Out the Manifesto for Labour Law. Institute for Employment Rights.

Fabre, A. (2024). A global climate plan. CIRED.

Fabre, A. (2025). Public acceptance of international redistribution in high-income countries. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2025.

Fabre, A. (2026). From global policies to phase out fossil fuels in a sustainable union. CIRED.

Fabre, A., Douenne, T., & Mattauch, L. (2025). Majority support for global redistributive and climate policies. Nature Human Behavior.

Fabre, A., Arezki, R., Dasgupta, D., Hu, B., Sen, P., & van der Ploeg, F. (2026). An international plan for sustainable development. Ecological Economics.

Fanning, Andrew L and Jason Hickel (2023). "Compensation for atmospheric appropriation." Nature sustainability 6.9, pp. 1077–1086.

Ferreras, I., Battilana, J., & Méda, D. (2022). Democratize Work: The Case for Reorganizing the Economy. University of Chicago Press.

Ferreras, I., et al. (2026). Two Promises to Those Who Work: Voice and Ownership. Final Report of the International High-Level Expert Committee on Democracy at Work. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social.

Gáspár, J.; Köves, A.; Hirvilammi, T., Hideg, É.; Ding, J.; Márton, A.; Szathmári, A.; Kiss, G.; Csuport, Zs.; Fischer, M. Post-growth Futures Report. The MAPS Project, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary, 2025.

Gethin, A., Martínez-Toledano, C., & Piketty, T. (Eds.). (2021). Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities: A Study of 50 Democracies, 1948–2020. Harvard University Press.

Greenwald, B., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2010). A modest proposal for international monetary reform. In S. Griffith-Jones, J. A. Ocampo, & J. E. Stiglitz (Eds.), Time for a Visible Hand: Lessons from the 2008 World Financial Crisis. Oxford University Press.

Guinan, J., & O'Neill, M. (2020). The Case for Community Wealth Building. Cambridge University Press.

Haberl, H., Wiedenhofer, D., Virág, D., et al. (2020). A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, Part II: Synthesizing the insights. Environmental Research Letters, 15(6), 065003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab842a

Hassani, A., La justice du capital. Quand les multinationales (dé)font la loi. La fabrique, 2025

Henriques, S. T., & Kander, A. (2010). The modest environmental relief resulting from the transition to a service economy. Ecological Economics, 70(2), 271–282.

Hickel, J. (2021). Less Is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World. Windmill Books / Penguin Random House.

Hickel, J., & Kallis, G. (2020). Is green growth possible? New Political Economy, 25(4), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2019.1598964

Hickel, J., Sullivan, D., & Zoomkawala, H. (2021). Plunder in the post-colonial era: Quantifying drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1960–2018. New Political Economy, 26(6), 1030–1047.

Hughes, M. (1999). Shouldering the Burden of Defeat: West Germany and the Reconstruction of Social Justice. University of North Carolina Press.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (H. Lee & J. Romero, Eds.). IPCC. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647

International Energy Agency (2025), World Energy Outlook 2025. IEA

Jackson, T. (2017). Prosperity Without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Jones, A. C., & Lawson, A. J. (2022). Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States (CRS Report R44902). Congressional Research Service.

Kaldor, N. (1955). An Expenditure Tax. George Allen & Unwin.

Kalecki, M., & Schumacher, E. F. (1943). International clearing and long-term lending. Bulletin of the Institute of Statistics Oxford, Supplement No. 5, Volume 5, 29–33. Reprinted in J. Osiatyński (Ed.), Collected Works of Michał Kalecki Volume VII: Studies in Applied Economics 1940–1967 Miscellanea. Clarendon Press, 1997.

Kallis, G. (2011). In defence of degrowth. Ecological Economics, 70(5), 873–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.12.007

Kanitkar, T., & Jayaraman, T. (2019). Equity in long-term mitigation. In N. Dubash (Ed.), India in a Warming World: Integrating Climate Change and Development (pp. 92–113). Oxford University Press.

Kanitkar, T., Mythri, A., & Jayaraman, T. (2024). Equity assessment of global mitigation pathways in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Climate Policy, 24(8), 1129–1148. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2319029

Kanitkar, T., Jayaraman, T., & Lavanyaa, V. P. (2026). Projected global and national energy and climate futures using an alternative integrated assessment framework. npj Climate Action, 5, 41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-026-00368-0

Kari, S., & Holappa, L. (2026). Resolving the balance of payments problematic: Feasible reforms for the twenty-first century. In J. Morgan & H. Patomäki (Eds.), Deweaponizing Interdependence: Bringing the Idea of International Clearing Union into the Twenty-First Century. Palgrave Macmillan.

Keller, S. (2026). Terms of trade and North-South trade relations: Implications for foreign wealth accumulation and comparative development (1962–2025). World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2026/04.

Keynes, J. M. (1943). Proposals for an international clearing union. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 25, 168–96.

Keyßer, L. T., & Lenzen, M. (2021). 1.5°C degrowth scenarios suggest the need for new mitigation pathways. Nature Communications, 12, 2676. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22884-9

Leech, D. (2002). Voting power in the governance of the International Monetary Fund. Annals of Operations Research, 109(1), 375–397.

Lefèvre, J., Le Gallic, T., Fragkos, P., Mercure, J.-F., Simsek, Y., & Paroussos, L. (2022). Global socio-economic and climate change mitigation scenarios through the lens of structural change. Global Environmental Change, 74, 102510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102510

Mager, F. (2025), Reclaiming Tax Sovereignty to Transform Global Climate Finance, Tax Justice Network

Martinez-Alier, J. (2002). The Environmentalism of the Poor: A Study of Ecological Conflicts and Valuation. Princeton University Press.

McGaughey, E. (2017a). A twelve-point plan for labour, and a manifesto for labour law. Industrial Law Journal.

McGaughey, E. (2017b). The codetermination bargains: The history of German corporate and labour law. Columbia Law Review.

McGaughey, E. (2025). Is public ownership of privatization better? Law, economic theories and how data helps. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2025/18.

Millward-Hopkins, J., & Oswald, Y. (2023). Reducing global inequality to secure human wellbeing and climate safety: a modelling study. Lancet Planetary Health, 7(2), e147–e154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00004-9

Morgan, J., & Patomäki, H. (Eds.). (2026). Deweaponising Interdependence: Bringing the Idea of International Clearing Union into the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan.

Nievas, G., & Piketty, T. (2025). Unequal exchange and North-South relations: Evidence from global trade flows and the world balance of payments 1800–2025. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2025/11.

Nievas, G., & Sodano, A. (2024). Has the US exorbitant privilege become a rich world privilege? Rates of return and foreign assets from a global perspective, 1970–2022. World Inequality Lab Working Paper 2024/14.

Nogues-Marco, P. (2021). Measuring colonial extraction: The East India Company's rule and the drain of wealth (1757–1858). Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics, 2(1), 154–195.

Nordhaus, W. (2015), Climate Clubs: Overcoming Free-Riding in International Climate Policy, American Economic Review, vol. 105, no. 4, April 2015

Ocampo, J. A. (2010). Reforming the global reserve system. In S. Griffith-Jones, J. A. Ocampo, & J. E. Stiglitz (Eds.), Time for a Visible Hand: Lessons from the 2008 World Financial Crisis. Oxford University Press.

Odersky, M. (2025). Structural transformation and the climate crisis: The sluggish global industry composition and its impact on emissions, 1970–2025 (MSc thesis). Paris School of Economics.

O'Neill, B. C., Kriegler, E., Riahi, K., et al. (2014). A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared socioeconomic pathways. Climatic Change, 122, 387–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0905-2

Oreskes, N. (2024). The false promise of carbon capture as a climate solution. Scientific American.

Oswald, Y., & Millward-Hopkins, J. (2025). The carbon emissions of global income convergence scenarios. SSRN Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5333077

Parrique, T., Barth, J., Briens, F., Kerschner, C., Kraus-Polk, A., Kuokkanen, A., & Spangenberg, J. H. (2019). Decoupling Debunked: Evidence and Arguments Against Green Growth as a Sole Strategy for Sustainability. European Environmental Bureau.

Parthasarathi, P. (2011). Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence 1600–1850. Cambridge University Press.

Patnaik, U., & Patnaik, P. (2021). Capital and Imperialism: Theory, History and the Present. Monthly Review Press.

Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the 21st Century. Harvard University Press.

Piketty, T. (2020). Capital and Ideology. Harvard University Press.

Piketty, T. (2022). A Brief History of Equality. Harvard University Press.

Piketty, T. (2025). Toward ecological socialism. In Equality Is a Struggle: Bulletins from the Front Line 2021–2025. Yale University Press.

Piketty, T., & Saez, E. (2013). Optimal taxation of labor income. In Handbook of Public Economics (Vol. 5, Chap. 7, pp. 391–474). North-Holland.

Piketty, T., Saez, E., & Stantcheva, S. (2014). Optimal taxation of top labor incomes: A tale of three elasticities. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(1), 230–271.

Polanyi, K. (1944). The Great Transformation. Farrar & Rinehart.

Pomeranz, K. (2000). The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy. Princeton University Press.

Progressive International. (2024). Program of Action on the Construction of a New International Economic Order.

Rapkin, D. P., & Strand, J. R. (2006). Reforming the IMF's weighted voting system. World Economy, 29(3), 305–324.

Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press.

Riahi, K., van Vuuren, D. P., Kriegler, E., et al. (2017). The shared socioeconomic pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview. Global Environmental Change, 42, 153–168.

Richardson, K., Steffen, W., Lucht, W., Bendtsen, J., Cornell, S. E., Donges, J. F., Drüke, M., Fetzer, I., Bala, G., von Bloh, W., Feulner, G., Fiedler, S., Gerten, D., Gleeson, T., Hofmann, M., Huiskamp, W., Kummu, M., Mohan, C., Nogués-Bravo, D., Petri, S., Porkka, M., Rahmstorf, S., Schaphoff, S., Thonicke, K., Tobian, A., Virkki, V., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Weber, L., & Rockström, J. (2023). Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries. Science Advances, 9(37).

Robeyns, I. (2024). Limitarianism: The Case Against Extreme Wealth. Penguin Books.

Robinson, P. (2023). Introduction. In Report on Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in the Americas and the Caribbean. University of West Indies (Center for Reparations Research) and American Society for International Law.

Sandberg, M. (2021). Sufficiency transitions: A review of consumption changes for environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 293, 126097.

Sen, A. (1979). Equality of what? The Tanner Lecture on Human Values, Stanford University.

Slameršak, A., Fisch-Romito, V., Hickel, J., Kikstra, J. S., Millward-Hopkins, J., Oswald, Y., & Steinberger, J. (2026). Principles for a post-growth scenario of ambitious mitigation and high human well-being. Nature Climate Change, 16, 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-026-02580-6

Stern, D. I. (2004). The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve. World Development, 32(8), 1419–1439.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2010). The Stiglitz Report: Reforming the International Monetary and Financial Systems in the Wake of the Global Crisis. The New Press.

Tcherneva, Pavlina R (2020). The case for a job guarantee. John Wiley & Sons.

van Waijenburg, M. (2018). Financing the African colonial state: The revenue imperative and forced labor. Journal of Economic History.

Vestergaard, J., & Wade, R. H. (2013). Protecting power: How Western states retain the dominant voice in the World Bank's governance. World Development, 46, 153–164.

Vogel, J., Steinberger, J. K., O'Neill, D. W., Lamb, W. F., & Krishnakumar, J. (2021). Socio-economic conditions for satisfying human needs at low energy use: An international analysis of social provisioning. Global Environmental Change, 69, 102287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102287

Wiedmann, Thomas et al. (2020). "Scientists' warning on affluence." Nature communications 11.1, p. 3107.

Wiedmann, T. O., Schandl, H., Lenzen, M., Moran, D., Suh, S., West, J., & Kanemoto, K. (2015). The material footprint of nations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(20), 6271–6276. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220362110

Zimm, C., Mintz-Woo, K., Brutschin, E., Hanger-Kopp, S., Hoffmann, R., Kikstra, J. S., … & Schinko, T. (2024). Justice considerations in climate research. Nature Climate Change, 14(1), 22–30.

Zucman, G. (2024). A Blueprint for a Coordinated Minimum Effective Taxation Standard for Ultra-High-Net-Worth Individuals. Report Commissioned by the Brazilian G20 Presidency.